反先验论与亥姆霍兹非欧几何公理化思想的关系

The Relationship Between Anti-nativism and Helmholtz's Ideas of the Axiomization of Non-Euclidean Geometry

反先验论是亥姆霍兹哲学思想中的一个重要倾向。它开始于他的感觉生理学研究,后来扩展到对算术和几何公理之来源问题的思考,最终形成了作为其科学生涯后半期的一个显著特点的经验主义立场。文章从生理学中有关空间知觉研究的先验论与经验论之争的分析入手,考察了亥姆霍兹从经验主义出发驳斥康德关于欧几里得几何公理之先验性的论述,进而认为这些公理是后天经验的产物并在此基础上提出了他的非欧几何公理化思想。

Anti -nativism was a main tendency in Helmholtz＇ s philosophical ideas. It grew out of his studies of physiology of senses and later developed into some considerations of the arithmetical and geometrical axioms. And finally, empiricism became a notable characteristic in the second half of his scientific career. This paper begins with the analysis of controversies between nativism and empiricism in the studies about space perception, explores Helmholtz＇ s treatment of the apriority of axioms of Euclidean geometry, and proposes that geometrical axioms were products of the acquired experience. Basing on this, Helmhohz established his ideas of axiomization of non - Euclidean geometry.