三万英尺高空的相对主义者——相对主义与科学的有效性可以共存吗?

Relativists at 30,000 Feet——On the Compatibility Between Relativism and the Validity of Science

相对主义者必须要解决的一个难题是,如何保证相对主义与科学之有效性的共存。认识论的相对主义(如社会建构主义)主张将科学建立在社会基础之上,从而导致了相对主义与科学有效性的矛盾。"相对主义和科学的有效性"之争便是这一矛盾的直接体现。要解决这一问题,必须要做到以下三点:(1)用实践建构主义取代社会建构主义;(2)用本体论的相对主义取代认识论的相对主义;(3)用本体论化的科学取代作为认识论概念的科学。

How to ensure the coexistence of relativism and validity of science is what puzzles all relativists. Epistemologieal relativism＇ s （such as Social Constructivism） standpoint that science is socially constructed inevitably leads to a contradiction between relativism and validity of science which has far from been resolved in a debate between Richard Dawkins as scientist and David Bloor as sociologist. What is necessary for solving this problem is：to substitute（ 1 ）social constructivism with practical constructivism;（2 ）epistemological relativism with ontological relativism;and（3） ontologized science with the science as an epistemological concept