从知庄章的分合看《西儒耳目资》音系的性质

A study on the phonetic features of A help to Western Scholars(西儒耳目资) from the initial groups of zhi(知)-zhuang(庄)-zhang(章)

知庄章三组声母在《西儒耳目资》中的读音情况为:知组三等与章组合流,读音有三种类型:A类读ch组,B类读t组,C类读组。A类是主体。知组二等与庄组合流,读音也有三种类型:A类根据韵摄分化,部分读组,部分读ch组;B类全部读ch组,C类全部读组。A类是主体。主体类型反映的很可能是明代江淮官话的音系特点,其余类型是作者在传教中听到的具有不同方言背景的人在说以江淮方言为基础方言的明代共同语时所出现的语音偏误。

In A help to Western Scholars,level 3(三等) characters of zhi group were converged with zhang group,and had three types of pronunciations——ch,t,,in which ch played a predominant role.Level 2 characters of zhi group were converged with zhuang group,and also had three types of pronunciations:the predominant type which can be divided into the  and ch group in terms of the finals,type ch and type .Based on these observations,this paper argues that the predominant types reflect the phonological features of Southeastern Mandarin in the Ming Dynasty.The other types are phonetic errors made by people from different dialect backgrounds while they spoke a common language,which was based on Southeastern Mandarin in the Ming dynasty,and recorded by the author of the book.