新中国成立初期的上海里弄整顿

Consolidation of Neighborhood Organizations in Shanghai in the Early Days of New China

新中国成立初期,作为基层社会管理体制支撑的居民委员会出现了三大危机:组织衰败、劣化、蜕化问题。为此,中国共产党在基层里弄中发动了一场规模宏大的清理整顿工作。在这次整顿工作中,政府通过赋予街居组织以体制支撑,造就了街居组织对非单位人的有效控制;通过对干部、群众的双重清理,传统基层统治权威代表较为彻底地从基层社会权力空间中退出,居民的认同也转向新的街居组织。至此,居委会的效能获得全面提升,政府与居民之间的政治沟通不畅问题迎刃而解,而居委会也因此焕发了生机。

In the early days of New China,crises occurred to the neighborhood committee,a lynchpin of the primary-level social management system,in three ways:organizational decay,deterioration and degeneration.In view of this,the CPC launched a large-scale consolidation of neighborhood organizations.During this consolidation,the government created heavy dependence of the people not belonging to any unit on the sub-district offices and neighborhood committees by giving institutional support to these organizations.Through the purification of the ranks of cadres and the masses,the traditional authoritative representatives at the grassroots level of ruling hierarchy were thoroughly removed from local power organizations and the residents turned their identification with the new subdistrict and neighborhood organizations.Thus,the effectiveness of neighborhood committees was enhanced in an all-round way and the clogs in the political communication between the government and the residents were immediately eliminated.As a result,the neighborhood committees took on an entirely new look.