美国档案学史上的双子星座——兼论早期档案学家的专业认同

20世纪早期,美国档案工作开始了专业化和职业化的进程,历史学家詹姆士和他的学生利兰在其中起了关键性作用。詹姆士创立了美国历史协会的"历史手稿委员会"和"公共档案委员会"。利兰作为卡耐基历史研究部的专家长驻欧洲,全面调查欧洲档案馆馆藏的美国史档案资料,同时,利兰积极向国内介绍欧洲档案理论,并和詹姆士一道推动美国国家档案馆的建设。他们被誉为美国档案工作专业化和职业化的奠基人,这对志同道合的师生堪称美国档案事业史上的"双子星座"。

Early 20th century,the United States Archives began the process of specialization and pro-fessionalization and the historian James and Leland played a key role in the process.James founded the Association of American History,'Historical Manuscripts Committee' and 'Public Records Commission'.Leland was a resident expert in Europe of Carnegie Historical Research Department and investigated com-prehensively the archival collections about the United States history in Europe,at the same time,Leland introduced the European archives theory to the United States.James and Leland pushed the U.S.National Archives construction.They are known as the founders of the American Archives specialization and profes-sionalization and they also are called the 'Double Stars' in the history of the United States archives.