论对体育赛事转播权的保护

Discussion on Protection of Broadcasting Rights in Sports Events

采取比较和案例分析的方法,分析英美法和我国法律对体育赛事转播权保护的利与弊:著作权法对体育赛事转播权保护有一定作用,但这种保护无法禁止转播机构未经许可直接对比赛进行拍摄和转播,也不能够对转播节目的内容进行保护;基于反不正当竞争法的原则,美国法下"热门信息"的理论对赛事转播权的保护能发挥很大作用,但使用人花精力去收集进入公共领域的赛事转播信息便不构成反不正当竞争法所规制的"搭便车"行为,这是对赛事转播权保护的不利一面;场馆准入限制作为一种合同方式,是禁止未经许可不得对赛事进行拍摄、转播和收集相关信息的有效方法,其弱点是如果比赛在公开场所举办,这一方式便难以奏效。得出结论:不同法律或方式的保护各有利弊,为了有效保护体育赛事的转播权,需采取交叉保护的方式以弥补单一保护的不足。

This paper explained the advantages and shortcomings of legal and contractual measures taken to protect the broadcasting rights in sports events by using the method of comparison with British,American and Chinese laws.The copyright law plays a certain role while it can do nothing to prevent others from broadcasting the event directly or taking advantage of the content of the broadcasting program without permission.Based on the anti-unfair competition principles,the American law invented the＂hot news＂concept,which can be employed to fight against＂free-riding＂.But the information can not be protected in case it is in the public domain and the defendant makes sufficient effort to collect the information.Restrictions can be placed on entrance into the venues to protect the broadcasting right.But these restrictions are hard to be implemented when the competitions are being held in the open air.As a result,the broadcasting right can only be protected well by taking all the measures together rather than only one of them.