高水平击剑运动员视觉反应时特征的研究

Research on Characteristics of Elite Fencers' Vision Reaction Time

研究击剑运动员的视觉反应时特征,被试为国家击剑队,江苏击剑队和江苏体校击剑队员,共115名。用MANOVA分析不同运动等级、不同剑种对视觉反应时的影响。结果为:不同等级运动员的简单反应时和复杂2刺激反应时差异不明显;辨别反应时、复杂4刺激反应时和翻转反应时差异非常显著,且表现出运动水平越高,反应时间越短的特征。除简单反应外,其他所有类型反应的错误次数均表现出健将以上运动员少于健将以下运动员的显著特征。结果提示,高水平运动员在复杂反应任务中的优异表现更可能是源于心理上的优势,即更强的复杂信息识别和选择决策能力,以及快速适应环境变化的能力。随着反应难度的增加,佩剑运动员的错误反应次数明显高于重剑和花剑。重剑运动员在辨别反应和复杂2刺激反应任务中错误次数最少。花剑运动员在复杂4刺激和翻转反应任务中错误次数最少。充分反映项目特征对运动员心理特征的影响。

This paper examined the characteristics of fencers＇vision reaction time（RT）.The subjects are 115fencers from national fencing team,Jiangsu team and Jiangsu sports school.Grade and category were tested with MANOVA.The result indicated that there were very significant differences in identification RT,4-stimulus selection RT and reversal RT across grades—the higher grade,the shorter RT,while not in the simple RT and 2-stimulus selection RT.The top two grade fencers made the fewer wrong responses than the third one in all type of RT test except simple RT.It was suggested that the elite fencers＇excellent performance was as a result of their mental advantage—ability of identification and decision-making in complex situation and more effective adaptation in changing situation.The sabre fencers＇wrong responses were significantly more than epee and foil fencers＇along with RT test becoming difficult.The epee fencers＇wrong responses were fewest in identification RT and 2-stimulus selection RT test,while the foil fencers＇were in 4-stimulus selection RT and reversal RT.This indicated that the mental ability was affected by category in fencing.