设施番茄套作大蒜的生物和生态效应——套播时期对不同品种大蒜生长发育和产量的影响

Biological and ecological effect of interplanting tomato/garlic in the facility:influence of interplanting dates on growth,development and yield of different Garlic Cultivars

为探讨利用大蒜的生物和生态效应克服设施番茄连作障碍并同时生产促成大蒜,试验选用4个大蒜品种,设置3个套播期,重点分析不同套播时期不同大蒜品种的生长发育和产量。结果表明:S1(8月25日)套播比S2(9月9日)和S3(9月24日)套播大蒜出苗时间长,但出苗日期早;S1的大蒜最大叶长、叶宽、假茎高、假茎粗、株高、根数和叶片数均比后两个套播时期有优势,品种间最大叶长、叶宽、假茎粗、株高、根数都以G64大于其他3个品种;早播促进大蒜鳞茎膨大,鳞茎最大直径、最小直径、纵径和周长以G64最大,其次是G87;G64的单头重极显著大于其他3个品种,产量最高。以S1套播时,G64比露地大蒜提早上市30—35d,价格提高60%,产值为32614元/hm2。所以,G64和8月25日是试验推荐的设施番茄套作大蒜适宜品种和套播时期。

In order to explore the biological and ecological effects of garlic on overcoming the continuous cropping obstacles of tomato in the facility and to produce forcing garlic at the same time,the experiment was conducted by choosing four garlic cultivars and three interplanting dates.The growth,development and yield of different garlic cultivars by the different interplanting dates are emphatically analyzed in this paper.The results show that sprouting duration for S1（sowing on August 25）is much longer than that for S2（sowing on September 9）and S3（sowing on September 24）,but the sprouting date for S1 is much earlier than that for S2 and S3.Garlic plant growth for S1 shows more advantages to the two later sowing treatments in the index of maximum leaf length,leaf width,sheath height,sheath width,plant height,root number and leaf number.Plant growth of cv.G64 appears preponderant to the other three cultivars in maximum leaf length,leaf width,sheath width,plant height and root number.Early sowing promotes bulb development.Among four cultivars,cv.G64 ranks first and cv.G87 ranks the next in bulb characters of maximum width,minimum width,height and perimeter.Bulb weight of cv.G64 is very significantly heavier than that of the other three cultivars,the bulb yield of cv.G64 is the highest.Interplanting cv.G64 with tomato on the date of S1,garlic bulb harvest time is 30—35 days ahead to the garlic on open land,and the garlic price enhanced 60%.Therefore,cv.G64 and August 25 are recommended as suitable cultivar and interplanting date in the tomato/garlic interplant system in the facility.