改革以来中国农民工流动机制变迁的考察

A Review of Evolution of the Mobility Mechanism for Peasant Workers in China since the Reform

改革开放以来中国农民工流动机制变迁经历三个基本阶段:1978-1992年以乡镇企业发展为主体的产业流动机制建设时期;1992-2002年以国企改制和非公经济发展为主体的社会主义市场经济机制建设时期;2002年至今以科学发展观为指导的城乡一体发展体制建设时期。其基本特点与历史经验是:第一,家庭联产承包责任制与社会主义市场经济体制搭建了农民工流动机制的基本框架。第二,从城乡二元流动机制走向城乡一体流动机制。第三,从产业流动机制到地域流动机制有序放开。第四,在城市流动机制中,以沿海城市与中小城市为吸纳主体。农民工市民化以小城镇为吸纳主体。改革以来农民工流动机制变迁,积累了宝贵的经验,也留下了深刻的启示。

Since the reform, the evolution process of the mobility mechanism for peasant workers has experi- enced three stages ： the period of building industrial mobility mechanism by developing township enterprises from 1978 to 1992 ; the period of building socialist market economic mechanism by reforming state - owned enterpri- ses and developing non - public economy from 1992 to 2002 ; and the period of building the urban - rural inte- grated development mechanism guided by the Scientific Outlook on Development since 2002 till now. The basic characteristics and historical experiences of this process are as follows ： First, the household contract responsibil- ity system and the socialist market economy system have formed the basic framework of the mobility mechanism for peasant workers. Second, the urban - rural dual mobility mechanism is transformed to the urban - rural inte- grated mobility mechanism. Third, the industrial mobility mechanism is developed into the regional mobility mechanism. Fourth, in the urban mobility mechanism, the main absorbers are coastal cities and medium or small- sized cities. As to the transformation of peasant workers into urban residents, the main absorbers are small towns. The evolution process of the mobility mechanism for peasant workers since the reform provides us enriched experiences and deep enlightenment.