牙齿漂白——发展与现状

Tooth bleaching—refresher

牙齿漂白的基本药剂成分为过氧化物,通过放置在牙体硬组织表面或置于无髓变色牙齿的髓腔内达到牙齿漂白的目的。漂白机制为隐藏学说和渗透学说。正确使用漂白技术有可靠的安全性,是一种不必切割牙体硬组织而改变牙齿颜色的美学途径。漂白效果是确定的,但受着色原因、个体牙齿结构等因素影响而有所差异。本文对牙齿漂白技术的历史和基础与实践的发展现状做一个阶段性的回顾。内容包括历史回顾、漂白原理、牙齿着色原因分析、适应证、漂白方式、效果评价、安全性以及以往研究,希望能够达到温故知新的效果,以期牙齿漂白技术得到更深入的研究和服务患者。

The basic pharmaceutical ingredients of teeth bleaching is peroxide （hydrogen peroxide,carbamide peroxide）,activated by being placed on the surface of dental hard tissue or pulp cavity in non-myelinated discolored teeth to achieve whitening results. The mechanism of the bleaching is hidden doctrine（the color of the teeth surface and the change of the refraction rate）and the penetration theory（reactive oxygen can split the long-chain dark color of molecules into the light color short-chain molecules）. Proper use of bleaching technology has reliable security,which changes tooth color without endangering the dental hard tissue in aesthetic area. Bleaching effect is positive,but results can differ due to varied causes of discoloration and individual tooth structure. The article gives a periodic review,which is based on the history and current development of the tooth bleaching technology,including the bleaching history,bleach principle,analysis of discoloration,indications,bleaching method,the effect of the evaluation,and security. In our research,we hope to achieve the effect of a refresher. So as to tooth bleaching technology and to serve the patients better.