西藏牧业村439名成年人口腔健康调查

An oral health survey on 439 adults in a village of a pasturing area of Tibet

目的了解高海拔地区藏族牧民口腔健康情况,探讨口腔疾病发病情况和规律,为采取防治措施和改善口腔医疗服务提供依据。方法 2008年10月选择西藏羊易村成年人为调查对象,共439人接受调查,其中男206人,女233人。按照年龄分为:18～24岁组(120人)、>24～34岁组(108人)、>34～44岁组(96人)、>44岁组(115人);每个年龄组内按性别再分组。以世界卫生组织1997年口腔健康调查基本方法为标准,调查成年牧民龋齿、牙周疾病、第三磨牙萌出及口腔其他疾病患病情况,并对结果进行分析。结果羊易村成人龋患率、龋均、平均缺牙数分别为74.94%、5.74、3.57。18～24岁和>24～34岁组女性龋均显著高于男性,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。各年龄组内男女间人均缺牙数、龋患率、有28颗牙人数、牙结石检出率、牙周炎发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);而从总体统计,女性缺牙数、龋患率、牙周炎发生率高于男性(P<0.05),有28颗牙人数低于男性(P<0.05),男性>24～34岁组牙龈炎发生率显著高于同龄女性(P<0.05)。>24～34岁组中女性第三磨牙萌出率高于男性(P<0.05),而在>44岁组中男性高于女性(P<0.05)。在>24～34岁组、>44岁组和全体样本总计中女性萌出的第三磨牙龋齿发生率均高于男性(P<0.05)。439名被调查者中有22人有不良固定义齿修复;38人有上颌侧切牙装饰性义齿修复。龋齿充填率为0。结论高海拔地区缺氧环境和饮食习惯对口腔发育和疾病有一定影响。西藏牧民口腔健康状况较差,需要改善牧区口腔医疗条件,建立口腔防治体系。

Objective To survey the oral health condition,and to search the regularity of oral disease occurrence among adult herdsmen in Tibet. Methods The representative samples were 439 adults in a village of a pasturing area of Tibet. The data were recorded according to WHO criteria;SPSS 11.0 software was used to analyze the data. Results Caries prevalence was 74.94%,with DMFT of 5.74. Average losing teeth was 3.57. About 52.85% had calculus,and prevalence of periodontal disease and teeth bleeding was 13.21% and 49.20%.The eruption of third molar was 75.78% in 35-44 years group. Besides,the prevelance rate of cheilitis,harmful denture and decorative crown was 0.46%,5.01% and 12.53%. No tooth was filled or fixed. Conclusions At high altitude,the anoxia and dietary habit have influence on oral development and disease. The situation of Tibetan herdsman oral health is not brook ignorance. We suggest that the condition of oral health care be improved and the work of oral health care be strengthen.