“两型社会”建设中的土地需求调控政策研究

POLICIES OF LAND DEMAND CONTROL IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RESOURCE-CONSERVING AND ENVIRONMENT- FRIENDLY SOCIETY

以武汉城市圈和长株潭城市群两型社会建设综合配套改革试验区作为研究对象,运用文献综合和实证研究的方法,分析了影响土地需求的各种因素,在此基础上提出有针对性的土地需求调控政策。研究表明:在土地供给总量一定的情况下,适当提高用地成本,使土地集约利用成为用地者的理性选择,进而实现土地节约利用,减少土地利用对环境的负面影响,是"两型社会"建设目标下土地资源管理的核心任务。土地需求调控的具体政策手段有:①地价政策,即普遍实行土地出让最低限价政策,进一步扩大土地"招拍挂"出让范围;②税收政策,包括适当提高耕地占用税、城镇土地使用税税率,开征土地闲置税和土地财产税,强化土地增值税的征管;③信贷政策,即通过金融信贷机构严格对房地产开发商进行信用等级和贷款条件审查,限制信贷额度,降低土地开发投资的信贷风险。同时要从控制人口数量、严格限制人均用地标准,实行行业准入制度,强化对划拨用地的利用管理,严格贯彻土地管理法律政策等方面完善土地需求调控的配套措施。

This paper took comprehensive reform experimental area of Construction of resource-conserving and environment-friendly society as research object.Using literature synthesis and empirical research method,we analyzed the various factors affecting the demand for land,and then we put forward control policies of land demand.The results show that increasing the cost of land use appropriately to make Intensive use of land as land users’ rational choice,to achieve economical use of land,and to reduce the negative impacts of land use on the environment,is the core task of land resources management in the construction of resource-conserving and environment-friendly society.Specific policy instruments of land demand control as follows： ①land price policy,to implement lowest land price policy generally and expand the range of land open market transactions;②land tax policy,to increase the tax rate of arable land occupation and urban land use appropriately,to levy idle land tax and land property tax,to strengthen the collection of land value-added tax;③credit policy,to review the credit rating and loan conditions on the real estate developers strictly,through the financial credit institutions.At the same time,we need to complete supporting measures of land demand control,such as controlling population,limiting the per capita land standards strictly,implementing industry access system,strengthening the management on the use of assigned land,implementing land management laws and policies strictly,Etc.