流域水资源保护补偿标准计算模型

Ecological Compensation Standard Model of Water Resources Protection

综合考虑了水量和水质2个方面的因素,首先利用环境水力学方法对上下游水环境影响关系进行描述,然后结合下游地区的引水量,对上游地区水环境保护效果影响下游地区的范围和程度进行量化,反映了水环境影响的自然过程。另一方面,采用环境经济学方法对水环境保护成本进行描述,对上游地区水环境保护的直接成本和间接成本进行量化。最后,将上游地区水环境保护影响的自然过程描述与保护成本的经济量化结合起来,建立了流域水资源保护补偿标准的计算模型。采用建立的计算模型,以新安江水库的生态补偿问题作为实例,进行了生态补偿标准的计算和分析。该模型能够更加客观和精细地反映水环境影响和经济补偿关系,能够为我国流域生态保护机制的完善提供理论技术支撑。

The water pollutant loads of the upstream regions should be strictly controlled in order to protect the wa- ter quality of the water source in the downstream areas. In this way, the economic and social development in up- stream regions will be adversely influenced. So the ecological compensation mechanism should be established to compensate the protection behavior of the upstream regions. The water quality and water quantity are synthetically considered in this paper to develop the ecological compensation standard model of water resources protection. First- ly, the environmental hydraulics method is employed to describe the influence relationship of the water environment between the upstream and downstream regions. Then the water quantity factor is also considered to reflect the scope and degree of the water environment protection in the upstream region. On the other hand, the direct and indirect costs of the water environment protection are calculated with the method of environmental economics. At last, the environmental and economic methods are combined to establish the compensation standard model of water resources protection. The model is applied to calculate and analyze the compensation standard of the Xinanjiang River basin as a case study. The model developed in this paper can flexibly and objectively describe the environmental and eco- nomic relationship of the ecological compensation, so it is helpful to provide support for the establishment of ecological compensation mechanism in China.