农户正规信贷可得性影响因素的实证分析——以陕西省756户农户的调查为例

Empirical Study on Factors Influencing Farm Householders' Availability of Formal Credit:Case of Shanxi Province

农村金融市场普遍存在着农户"借款难"和金融机构"放款难"的两难局面。本文利用陕西省756户农户的调研数据,使用二分类Logistic模型来分析影响陕西省农户正规信贷可得性的因素,实证分析结果显示,被调查农户的文化程度、农户家庭年收入水平、是否购买农业保险、农信社对农户的信任水平以及农户违约后内疚程度对农户正规信贷可得性有显著的正效应;农户家庭负债水平、农户承担更大风险的意愿程度以及农户是否曾违约对农户正规信贷可得性有显著的负效应;被调查农户的年龄、农户的家庭总资产、耕地面积、家庭人口数,家中就读大学的子女数、是否有重病患者以及农业经营收入比例和农户支付更高利率的意愿对农户正规信贷可得性没有显著的影响。

With the development of rural economy and the diversification in farm households operation, the capital demand of farmers is becoming more and more urgent. Meanwhile, the element of capital plays an increasingly prominent role in agriculture. However, there is a prevalent dilemma in rural financial markets in that many farm households have difficulty accessing the formal credit and in some cases rural financial institution has some problems to lend farmers. The main purpose of this paper was to present empirical findings about what and how factors influencing farm households accessed to formal credit. This paper employed a binary logistic regression model to examine whether and how the expected ＂soft＂ factors and ＂hard＂ factors impacted the formal credit availability to farm households. The results showed that education of farm, total household income, buying crop insurance or not, level of being trusted by RCC, and guilty level of default to RCC or bank impacted farm households formal credit availability significantly and positively. The results also showed that factors such as debt level of farm, willingness to take the risk, and if ever default to RCC or bank had significant and negative impacts on formal credit availability of farm households. In addition, age of farmers, assets value, farmland size, family size, the number of children in college or university, the percentage of income from agriculture and the willingness to pay higher interest rate had no significant impacts on accessing to formal credit. Based on survey findings and regression results, this paper gave policy suggestions to improve farm households ability to access to formal credit market.