将来时标记语法演变的概念化模式及认知机制

The Conceptual Pattern and Cognitive Mechanism in the Grammaticalization of Future Tense Markers

语法化机制涉及语法化构式的形态句法、语义、语音、语用及认知层面,因此可以相应归结为形态句法机制、语义机制、语音机制、语用机制和认知机制等五大类。频繁的语言接触所导致的语义变化是语法化的动因,形态句法机制、语义机制、语音机制和语用机制以认知机制为基础,在语法化构式的不同层面发生作用。将来时标记be going to和will的语法演变过程也不例外,这些构式的语法演变以转喻—隐喻互动和转喻链为概念化模式,通过隐喻延伸、转喻、主观化、意象图式等认知机制运作,从而使将来时标记的语义结构呈现出复杂的多样性特征。

Grammaticalization mechanisms can be classified into morphosyntactic, semantic, phonological, pragmatic and cognitive mechanisms for these levels are involved. Grammaticalization is motivated by semantic changes after frequent language contacts. Based on cognitive mechanism, other mechanisms operate in different levels of the grammaticalized expressions. With the conceptual pattern of metonymy -metaphor interaction and chained metonymy,cognitive mechanism in the grammaticalization of future tense markers operate in the way of metaphoric extension, metonymy, subjectification or image scheme to characterize the semantic structure of these markers with complexity and variety.