何谓合宪性解释:性质、正当性、限制及运用

What Is Constitutional Interpretation:The Nature,Legitimacy,Restraint and Application

法律的合宪性解释是指法律有两种甚或多种解释可能时,择取其中与宪法不相抵触的解释。合宪性解释是一种法律解释方法,更是一项法律解释要求。此种解释方法对于维护国家法秩序的统一与稳定不可或缺,其正当性源于权力分立原则下的司法自制理念。合宪性解释有其运用上的限制,对于字义本身违宪之法律适用合宪性解释是对此种解释方法的滥用与误用。在美国、德国等实行宪法审查的国家,合宪性解释方法在其司法实践中得到了广泛运用。具有实效性的宪法审查制度在我国尚未真正建立,合宪性解释方法在我国的司法裁判中有无适用空间值得商榷。

Legal interpretation of the constitutionality of the law means when there are two or even more interpretations, an optional method is to choose the one not incompatible with the Constitution. Constitutional interpretation is a legal interpretation which is more a requirement of interpretation in the Constitutional frame. Such interpretation is essential for maintaining the order, stability and unity of legislation. Its legitimacy stems from the separation of powers under the principle of judicial self-restraint. Constitutional interpretation has re- strictions in practice. Abuse and misuse occur when applying constitutional interpretation to the law which is unconstitutional. In the United States, Germany and other countries where constitutional review is been practised, the method of constitutional interpretation has been widely used by the judges. The effective constitutional review system in our country has not really set up, so a constitutional interpretation at the process of judicial decision in our country whether has the space of application or not is open to question.