地铁区间隧道火灾烟气分区控制试验研究

Experiments study on smoke zoning control in metro tunnel

地铁区间隧道内对乘客生命威胁最大的是火灾烟气,因此防灾的关键在于烟气控制。车头和车尾火灾时采取纵向通风能使人烟分离,但对于列车中部着火时下风侧乘客将不可避免地在烟气笼罩的环境中。提出了火灾烟气纵向分区控制模式,即利用防烟隔板将隧道划分成行驶区和疏散通道2个防烟分区,采取适当通风阻止烟气侵入疏散通道,保障人员疏散过程与烟气分离。通过1∶5隧道模型中烟气分区控制试验结果的比较分析,证实采取不同通风方式均可使疏散通道保持较高压力,使气流由疏散通道流向行驶区,以阻止火灾烟气侵入疏散通道内,但不同通风方式在高温控制及烟气控制效果上存在差异,其中以疏散通道正压送风及行驶区单侧排烟相结合的通风方式综合控制效果最好。

Smoke is the most virulent threaten to passengers, thereby smoke control is the key factor to avoid fire disaster in metro tunnel. Longitudinal ventilation can separate passengers from smoke when the fire takes place on the front or the rear of the train. But if the fire taken place in the middle carriage, the leeward side passenger will inevitably plunge into the smoke. This paper employed a new method to control the smoke with zoning mode, which using clapboard to divide the tunnel into two zones, the traffic zone and the passenger footpath zone, and appropriate ventilation can prevent smoke from the passenger footpath. According to the analysis of smoke zoning control experimentations on 1：5 tunnel test system, the results of experimental tests for 4 types of ventilation in tunnel indicate that the hypothesis of smoke zoning control can be achieved, though the efficiency of ventilations may be a little different. The best ventilation mode is to combine blow to the passenger footpath and exhaust from one - side of the traffic zone, which can ensure the safety of evacuation as well as lower high - temperature in a fire hazard.