论两只“看不见的手”及其相互关系——重读斯密《国富论》和《情操论》的启发

"Two invisible hands" and their mutual relations

英国伟大的经济学家和伦理学家——亚当.斯密,用两只"看不见的手"把他的两本著作《国富论》和《情操论》紧密地联系在一起。他在《国富论》中阐述了价值规律这只"看不见的手"如何调节经济生活;又在《情操论》中阐述了伦理道德这只"看不见的手"如何调节精神生活。因此,把这两本著作结合起来学习,汲取其中的双重精华,才能使我们深刻认识经济与精神的相互关系,在完善市场经济和构建和谐社会中,促进物质文明和精神文明的协调发展。此外,我们还要克服斯密理论的局限性,充分运用"看得见的手"的作用,弥补"看不见的手"的缺陷,为向更高发展阶段过渡创造条件。

British great economists and ethicists- Adam Smith, with two ＂invisible hand＂ put his two books The Wealth of Nations and The Theory of Moral Sentiments closely together with ＂two invisible hands＂. In The Wealth of Nations, he states how the ＂invisible hand＂ adjusts economic life ; in The Theory of Moral Sentiments, he states how the ＂invisible hand＂ adjusts spiritual life. These two works complement each other not only in theory, but in actual use as well. Therefore, in order to have a deep understand of the relationship between economy and spirit, we must study both of these two works and absorb their double essences. In the meanwhile we can also promote the coordinated development of material civilization and spiritual civilization in the period of perfecting market economy and the construction of a harmonious society. In addition, we should overcome the limitations of Smith＇ s theory, make full use of the role of ＂visible hand＂ to compensate for the defect of ＂invisible hand＂ and create conditions for the development of a higher stage.