澳大利亚农村和边远地区分级及其在卫生政策中的应用

Introduction of Australian standard geographic classification and its function in health policy

农村和边远地区卫生人力资源严重缺乏是一个全球性的危机。面对千差万别的区域环境,要制定有效的引导卫生人才向农村基层和艰苦边远地区的流动政策,必须了解不同地区的差异,才能用适当的经济杠杆和倾斜政策来撬动医务人员选择择业地点的意愿。澳大利亚政府自1994年开始对地区进行分级,打破行政区划的限制,把地理位置、人口密度和卫生服务可及性等情况相似的地区归为一类,并将边远地区分级标准作为一系列边远地区卫生人力建设项目依据,保证到边远地区工作的卫生人员,可以得到更多的报酬与补助。本文介绍了澳大利亚边远地区分级标准及其在引导卫生人才流动政策中作用,并探讨了其对我国的借鉴意义。

Severe shortage of well-trained health personnel in rural and remote areas is a global crisis. With various social and economic factors among areas,policy makers should make clear the regional disparities to develop effective measures to attract and retain health personnel in rural and remote areas by economic levers and preferential policies. Since 1994 the Australian government has begun to adopt the Australian Standard Geographic Classification-Remoteness Areas Systems（ASGC-RA）. Instead of administrative division,ASGC-RA classifies different areas according to geographical position,population density and health service access. Australian government develops its health personnel system in remote areas basing on ASGC-RA. And the system decides that people who work for remote areas will get a greater reward. This article introduced ASGC-RA and its function in health policies,as well as explored its reference for Chinese health policy making.