近代“打工妹”群体研究的几个断面--以苏南地区为中心

Glimpse in Studies of "Job-Hunting Girls" Group:Centered on Region of Southern Jiangsu

随着近代工业的兴起和发展以及城市化进程的推进,大批青年女性走出封闭的乡村,走向喧闹的城镇,务工经商,形成近代社会的"打工妹"群体。综合考察近代苏南"打工妹"群体的数量、自然构成、社会构成以及进入城市劳务市场的"路径",可以断定:"打工妹"人数远远超过"打工仔",形成近代社会变迁中农民工大流动的"苏南特色";籍贯构成上,打工妹作为苏南农民工的主流,具有来源地广泛的特点,但苏南人占主流;年龄构成上,16岁至35岁的精壮劳力构成"打工妹"的"主力军";"做厂"和从事家政服务,在打工妹的职业构成中居于主流地位;打工妹进入城市劳动力市场,并不似打工仔那样具有游刃有余的"随意性",其求职之路充满坎坷、艰难。

With the rise and development of modern industry and the advance of urbanization, large numbers of young women walk out of the closed countryside, come to the urban area to work, forming the group of 'job-hunting girls'. After an overall investigation of the group number, member formation, the social composition and the route to urban labour market, the following can be concluded: the number of 'job-hunting girls' far exceeds the 'job-hunting boys', forming the 'Sunan feature' of off-farm worker immigration in modern social changes; as far as the birthplace concerned, the 'job-hunting girls' is the mainstream of off-farm workers in southern Jiangsu, but those indigenous are still prevailing in this area; about the age structure, the main workers cover the age from 16 to 35-as the 'main force' in the labour market ; they mainly work in the plants or engage in domestic service. Compared to those male workers, the 'job-hunting girls' doesn’t seem to have 'arbitrariness', the job-hunting road is full of ups and downs and difficulties.