余江县稻田土壤肥力状况及其对水稻产量影响的初步研究

Preliminary Study on Soil Fertility Status of Paddy Fields in Yujiang County and its Effect on Yield of Rice

对江西省余江县28个典型田块的调查结果显示,余江县稻田土壤以粉砂壤土和壤土为主,土壤pH值在4.78～5.37之间,属酸性土壤。参照第二次全国土壤普查分级标准,余江县稻田土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮和速效磷含量丰富,但速效钾含量处于中等水平,少量田块还存在钾素缺乏的现象。2006～2008年28个定位田块平均年产量为12736 kg hm-2。主成分分析结果表明,影响当地水稻产量的主要土壤肥力因素是土壤有机质、全氮和碱解氮,速效钾的影响次之,再次是速效磷。因此,高度集约农业条件下土壤肥力指标值得进一步探讨;余江县在水稻生产过程中要加强有机肥的施用,增加钾肥施用,并适当减少磷肥的施用量。

The results of investigation about 28 typical paddy fields in Yujiang County,Jiangxi Province showed that most soils in this region were loamy soil and silty loam soil,which belonging to acid soil with pH of 4.78-5.37.Soil organic matter,total N,available N and available P were rich in those soils,whereas available K was in medium level,and some paddy fields even had potassium deficiency.The average annual rice yield of 28 paddy fields in the three years from 2006 to 2008 was 12736 kg hm-2.Results of principal component analysis showed that soil organic matter,total N and available N were the main factors that affected rice yield in local fields,readily available K took the second place,and readily available P took the third place.So,application rate of organic fertilizer should be increased,potassium fertilizer should be applied in rational rate,and application rate of phosphorus fertilizer should be reduced properly during the rice produce.