不同施肥制度对土壤微生物生态影响的评价

Assessment of the Impact of Different Fertilization Systems On Soil Microbial Ecology

土壤微生物是土壤生态系统中极其重要和最为活跃的部分,在土壤养分转化循环、系统稳定性和抗干扰能力以及土壤可持续生产力中占据主导地位,控制着土壤生态系统功能的关键过程。长期研究表明施肥制度不同将导致土壤微生物种群、数量和活性不同,土壤生物肥力不同,而这种差异又会对土壤结构、肥力和生产力产生重要影响。如何评价各种施肥制度,以及寻找可以准确描述其对土壤微生物生态影响的指标目前为人们所广泛关注。但由于这方面的评价指标繁多,测定困难,因此至今未能对这方面的研究达成共识。对施肥对土壤微生物生态各方面影响进行阐述,进而提出科学的评价指标,并对其研究方法进行概述。

The microorganism is extremely important and the most active part of the soils ecosystem,which holds dominant position in the soil nutrient cycle,the stability and the anti-jamming capability of system as well as the sustainable productivity of the soil,and controls the key process of soil ecosystem function.How to assess different application systems,and to find the indicators,which can accurately describe the impact on microbial ecology,arouses concern of the people.However,evaluation indicators in this regard are too many and measurement is difficult,thus so far no consensus has been reached.This text elaborated the ecological functions of soil microorganisms,the role of the enzyme and the impact of fertilization on the various aspects of microbial ecology,and put forward the scientific evaluation indicators and an overview of research methods.