森林防火减灾信息系统的设计开发——以四川省遂宁市为例

Study of Suining's Forest Fire Prevention Information System Based on 3S

森林资源是极其重要的自然资源。利用3S(GIS、RS、GPS)技术、数据库技术,以及网络技术建立森林防火信息系统对减少森林火灾损失具有重要意义。本文以四川省遂宁市为例,对该市森林防火信息系统的结构和功能、系统的数据库进行了设计、建设。该系统数据库的数据主要有1∶1万地形图,1∶1万森林资源二类调查数据,气象站点数据,扑火力量分布数据,了望站点分布数据,扑火物资储备数据,林业管理机构分布数据,以村或乡镇为单位的人口、经济统计数据及遥感影像数据库。该系统的主要功能包括数据的处理和管理,森林火险等级评价,森林火灾监测,林火趋势模拟和预测,最佳扑火路径分析,防火扑火预案制定,防火扑火决策,灾害损失评估,灾后重建辅助决策,相关图、表和报告制作等功能。在系统的搭建过程中,采用Microsoft Visual Studio 2005作为开发平台,利用Ar-cEngine组件对象模型进行软件系统的开发,采用SQL Server 2005数据库管理系统和ArcSDE 9.2空间数据库引擎来实现该系统的数据管理。该系统的建立对该市森林防火和森林资源管理等均具有重要意义。

Forest resources are extremely important natural resources.Using 3S（GIS,RS,GPS） technologies,database technology and network technology to establish forest-fire information system has significant benefits for reducing the loss due to forest fires.In this paper,taking Suining City,Sichuan Province as an example,forest-fire prevention information system of the city has been designed with the preliminary structure and functions,which is under the environment of C #,ArcEngine,SQLsever and ArcSDE.Its data source mainly includes topographic maps at the scale of 1：10 000,forest resource inventory data at the scale of 1：10 000,meteorological data from stations,firefighting forces data,forest fire observation station data,firefighting materials data,forest management institutions data,economic census data at village or township level,and remote sensing images.This system＇s major functions include processing and managing data,assessing forest fire risk level,monitoring forest fire,modeling and predicting forest fire trend,analyzing the best path for extinguishing forest fire,making the plan for extinguishing forest fire,making the decision of fire extinguishing,assessing the disaster damage,making the decision of post-disaster reconstruction,and making the relevant graphs,charts and reports.The SQL Server 2005 database system and ArcSDE9.2 spatial database engine are used to manage the database of the system.The components from ArcEngine are used to develop the system functions under the Microsoft Visual Studio 2005 environment.The establishment of the forest fire prevention information system has great significance in preventing forest fire and managing forest resources.