重构城市体系——论中国区域和城市可持续发展战略

Restructuring Urban System: On the Strategy of Sustainable Regional Development and Urban Development in China

全球化对中国经济构成了巨大冲击,与全球化进程相适应的中国工业化进程,是与生产要素向沿海地区的集聚相伴随的。由于劳动力等生产要素未能自由地跨地区流动,中国的城市体系在计划经济年代出现的不合理布局一直未能彻底改变。与此同时,中国也出现了一系列城乡发展的困境,具体表现在五个方面:城市化进程受阻,城市化远远落后于工业化;城市规模偏小,城市规模差距偏小;农村和内地的发展面临养老缺失、留守儿童、生育率高、土地闲置、环境破坏等一系列问题;城市内部的不和谐因素增加;地区间和城乡间收入差距持续扩大。未来中国区域和城市可持续发展战略应以推动劳动力等生产要素在地区间的再配置为切入点来推进城市化进程,进而使得城市体系的规模和区域结构合理化。

Globalization is a shock to China's economy. China's industrialization,adapting itself to globalization,moves to the coastal areas,where an agglomeration of production factors comes into being. Since production factors like labor do not enjoy a free flow from area to area,the unfavorable situation of China's urban system brought forth in the planned-economy days remains unchanged. Besides,five other difficulties are found in rural and urban development: urbanization is hindered and kept far behind industrialization; a city is not big enough and the differences between city scales are almost intangible; the development of rural and inland areas are faced with such problems as pension,left-behind children,high birth rate,low land use efficiency and environmental problems; factors lending to social unrest have been accumulating in cities; economic disparities between regions and between urban-rural areas have been widening. The sustainable development in future should center on interregional re-allocation of production factors,especially labor resources,so as to push forward urbanization and make the urban system rational in terms of city scale and regional structure.