解读与反思:传闻证据规则移植的中国立场

Interpretation and Reflection:China's Position on Hearsay Rule Transplantation

在有关我国刑事证据法立法的探讨当中,主流观点主张应当移植传闻证据规则用于解决刑事诉讼中证人出庭率低等痼疾。但是传闻证据规则生长于英美法系国家,以陪审团制度、对抗制度和集中审判制度为背景;况且支撑传闻证据规则的理论基础本身也并非无可辩驳。中国的诉讼环境不适宜植入传闻证据规则,对待传闻证据我们应当将其证据能力和证明力予以剥离:承认其证据能力但对证明力作出一定的限制。

In the discussion about the legislation of Criminal Evidence Act, the mainstream advocates that the hearsay rule should be transplanted to address low attendance of witnesses in criminal proceedings and other chronic illness. However, on one hand, the hearsay rule grows up in common law countries, on the ground of jury system, adversarial system and centralized hearing system~ on the other band, the basis of hearsay rule itself is not irrefutable. China^s legal environment is not suitable for implantation of the hearsay rule. We should admit the evidential ability of hearsay, while restrict its probative ability.