我国油页岩热性质研究——油页岩的热膨胀性能

STUDY ON THERMAL PROPERTIES OF CHINESE OIL SHALES --THE THERMO-EXPANSION OF OIL SHALES

用热机械仪研究了国内5种油页岩的热膨胀问题.根据所测得的数据,我国油页岩的热膨胀行为可以分成两类:(1)热膨胀率随温度的升高而递增(如桦甸、新疆、抚顺油页岩);(2)热膨胀率在温度升高过程中出现峰值(如黄县、茂名油页岩).但是,经过干燥处理后的试样,其热膨胀系数(α_(100)^(300)与温度呈线性关系.其中以桦甸油页岩的热膨胀系数为最大(α_(100)^(300)=210),茂名油页岩的热膨胀系数为最小α_(100)^(300)=14.5).试验发现,用水浸湿后的茂名油页岩具有奇特的热膨胀行为,在180～220℃时突然出现剧烈膨胀的现象.茂名油页岩在加热干燥时产生热崩碎的原因可能与这一奇特的热膨胀行为有关.这有待进一步研究.

The thermo-expansion properties of five domestic oil shales have been studied by thermomechanical method. According to the data obtained,the thermoexpansion behaviors of these five Chinese oil shales can be classified into two categories:(1) thermo-expansion rate increases with the rise of temperature(Huadian, Xinjiang and Fushun oil shales); (2)thermo-expansionrate displays a peak or peaks during heating (Huangxian and Maoming oil shales). For the dried samples, the thermo-expansion coefficient (a_(100)^(300))of all five oil shales varies linearly with temperature. Among them, the Huadian oil shale has the largest a_(100)^(300)(=210), the Maoming oil shale the smallest a_(100)^(300) ( = 14.5 ).It has been found that the water-wetted Maoming oil shale sample has a queer thermo-expansion behavior, i.e. an instantaneous expansion occured between 180 and 220℃. This queer behavior may be the cause of thermal bursting of Maoming oil shale during retorting. Whether its driving force comes from thermoexpansion or contraction remains to be learned.