夜间动态环境中驾驶员空间距离判识规律

Space distance cognition laws of drivers in dynamic environment at night

为研究在夜间地面动态环境中驾驶员空间距离判识规律,进行了实际道路试验.32名驾驶员在夜间环境中不同深度距离、速度下,判识红、绿色障碍物空间距离.检验样本差异显著度,分析被试距离判识结果,获得判识特征值.运用曲面回归分析判识距离与速度和深度距离之间关系,获得驾驶员在夜间动态环境中,对空间距离判识变化关系的数学模型.试验结果表明:绝对距离判识值随障碍物深度距离增加而增大,随速度增加而减小.相对距离判识受深度距离影响小,受速度变化影响大,二元二次函数可很好地逼近空间距离判识的变化规律.

In order to study the laws of distance cognition of drivers in dynamic environment at night, the actual road tests for 32 drivers＇ distinguishing the distances between red and green obstacles under different depth distance and velocity at night are carried out. Characteristic values of cognition by statistical methods are obtained and cognition differences are compared. Response surface is utilized to analyze the relationship between cognitive distance, depth distance and velocity. Cognition mathematics models of absolute and relative distances in dynamic environment at night are found. All the results show that cognitive absolute distances augment with depth distance increasing and decrease with speed increasing. Depth distance has a little impact on relative ones and velocity has a lot impact. Binary quadratic equation can simulate cognition variation laws.