供体细胞与哺乳动物体细胞核移植

Lessons learned from effect of donor cells’ on efficiency of somatic cell nuclear transfer in mammals

哺乳动物体细胞核移植(克隆)技术在转基因动物生产、珍稀动物资源复原与保护、生物学基础研究等方面业已显示出重要的应用价值,而目前该技术还与诱导多能干细胞技术一同被认为是创制患者特异性多能干细胞,为再生医学临床"细胞治疗"提供素材的最佳手段。但是,体细胞克隆的效率仍不理想,关键机制还不清楚,严重制约了该技术的推广。因此,如何提高克隆效率已成为人们普遍关心的首要问题。在体细胞克隆技术所涉及的各环节中,供体细胞是影响克隆效率的最关键因素之一。该文从供体细胞的生物学因素和技术因素两方面进行了回顾,旨在为进一步探寻建立物种或供体细胞个性化准备方案,为提高动物克隆效率提供参考。

Somatic cell nuclear transfer（cloning） has shown its important practical values in aspects of animal transgenesis,recovery and pretection of rare or endangered animal species,and biological basic researches,and especially this technique,together with induced pluripotent stem cell technology,is recognized as a most ideal tool to provide potential tailored patient specific pluripotent stem cells for cell therapies in human regenerative medicine clinics. However,unfortunately,poor cloning efficiency and unclear understanding of key mechanisms underlying nuclear reprogramming seriously limit wider uses of animal cloning. Thus,improvement of the cloning efficiency seems to be cloner＇s priority. Donor cells are regarded as one of the most essential factors among those influencing outcome of mammalian cloning. Herein,this paper reviewed lessens learned from somatic donors’ effect on animal cloning effciency,specifically from the biological and technological aspects of donor cells,to help better our understanding of setting up species-or donor cell type-specific protocols for increasing cloning efficacy.