民众动员视野下的中共与富农——以鄂豫皖苏区为中心的考察(1927～1932年)

CPC vs.Rich Peasants in Mass Mobilization-A Study Focused on the EYuWan Soviet Region in 1927-1932

鄂豫皖苏区富农政策形成与共产国际、中共中央及革命场域民众动员需要有莫大关系,而不同时期富农政策贯彻执行的过程中,又会形成相异的中共与富农博弈情况。总体而言,中共在乡村与富农总的博弈轨迹是,前期中共动员农民,包括联合富农打击能够拉动农民心弦的革命组织敌人豪绅地主、贪官污吏等,后期随着共产国际指导下的中共富农政策转变,同时也为满足民众动员的需要,中共逐渐从联合富农走到联合、动员贫雇农、中农打压富农上面来。因此在整个鄂豫皖苏区革命运动中,中共与富农经历了一个从合作、半合作到富农抗争及全面受控的过程。纵观该革命场域不断"左"倾化的富农政策及其实践造成的中共与富农相异博弈关系,透视出苏维埃乡村革命时期中共民众动员策略并不精细,此时还是一种全赢全输的排他性零和博弈。

This paper studies the change of Chinese Communist Party＇s policy towards rich peasants in the EYuWan Soviet region. The author argues that the policy towards rich peasants was formed as a result of the combined influences of the Comintern, the CPC Central Committee, and the need for mass mobilization in the EYuWan Soviet region. In the different periods of policy implementation, rich peasants and CPC engaged in a game of different sort. At first, CPC adopted the policy of associating with peasants, including rich peasants, to fight against big landlords and corrupt officials. Then, following the guidance of the Comintern and responding to the needs of mass mobilization, CPC gradually changed its policy from uniting rich peasants to uniting poor and middle peasants against rich peasants. Therefore, during the whole period of EYuWan＇s Soviet revolution, the relationship between CPC and the rich peasants went from cooperation to semi-cooperation and finally to confrontation. The game between CPC and the rich peasants was a zero-sum game.