黄土母质生土当年施肥对混作根际土壤生物活性及土壤营养的影响

Effect of Immature Loess Subsoil Fertilization in Current Year on Rhizospheric Soil Biological Activity and Nutrient of Mixture Cropping

以黄土母质生土为供试土壤,采用盆栽试验,探讨了黄土母质生土当年施肥对小麦与豆科牧草、十字花科油菜混作根际土壤生物活性、土壤营养以及小麦根苗生长的影响。结果表明:黄土母质生土当年施肥促进了混作根际土壤微生物的繁衍、酶活性及土壤营养的提高。4种混作处理研究还表明,豌/麦、苜/麦根际土壤综合效应最好,可作为生土改良沃化的先锋混播作物。黄土母质生土对外源的辅助能(当年施肥)反应十分敏感,施肥促进小麦根苗生长效应与土壤培肥效应十分显著。黄土母质生土熟化过程既是一个生土培肥改良过程,也是一个物质能量(营养)投入转化过程,并经作物的光合生产过程、土壤微生物分解矿化过程及土壤酶系统活化过程,共同构成根土苗微生物互动的生态系统。该研究为混作复合群体应用于黄土母质生土地的改良提供了理论参考。

Immature subsoil of loess was used to study the effect of fertilization in current year on potted mixture cropping rhizospheric soil biological activity and nutrient.Four mixture cropping were mixture wheat （Triticum aestivum）with rape（Brassica campestris）,pea （Pisum sativum）,alfalfa （Medicago sativa） and trefoil （Trifolium pratense）,respectively.The results show that immature loess subsoil fertilization in current year promotes rhizospheric soil multiplication of microbes,enzyme activity and soil nutrient of mixture cropping.The study also indicates that rhizospheric soil integration effects of mixture wheat with pea and with alfalfa were the best of four mixture cropping,so they could be planted as the pioneer mixture crops to improve immature subsoil conditions.Immature losses subsoil is sensitive to fertilization,since fertilization in current year promotes significantly not only wheat root-shoot growth but also soil fertilization.Aging of immature loess subsoil is both an input and transformation process of matter and energy among plants,soils,microorganisms,including fertilization,crop photosynthesis production,resolving and mineralization of soil microbes,and catalysis of soil enzymes.The study could be theory reference for applying mixture cropping population to improving immature subsoil of loess.