麦田不同灌水处理对土壤酶活性时空分布的影响

Effects of Different Irrigation Regimes on Spatial-Temporal Distribution for Activity of Soil Enzyme

以石麦15为材料,利用田间定位试验系统地研究了不同灌水处理(春季不灌水W0;春季灌拔节水75mm,W1;春季灌起身水、孕穗水和灌浆水共225mm,W3)碱性磷酸酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶活性等在0-200cm土层的垂直分布、动态变化。结果表明,随着春季灌水量减少,冬小麦生育中、后期0-80cm土层碱性磷酸酶和蔗糖酶活性呈现下降趋势,80cm以下土层的碱性磷酸酶和蔗糖酶活性呈增加的趋势;0-40cm土层的脲酶活性呈现降低的变化趋势,40-120cm土层呈现增强的趋势。籽粒产量以W3>W1>W0,最终的水分利用效率(WUE)则以W1处理最高。冬小麦春季适当亏缺灌溉使生长中、后期深土层的土壤酶活性增强,部分地补偿了因浅层土壤酶活性下降所导致的养分供应不足,这可能是实现节水高产的一个重要的原因。

Shimai15 was researched material,the activity of soil enzyme can be influenced by the different irrigation systems.This study examines the effects of different irrigation treatments on vertical distribution of activity of alkaline phosphatase,urease and saccharase in soil layer 0-200 cm in winter wheat under field condition.Irrigation treatments consisted of three irrigation patterns that is,without irrigation in spring （W0）,75 mm irrigation at jointing stage in spring （W1）,three 75 mm irrigations at three growth stages （double ridge,booting and grain-filling stages） in spring （W3）.The results showed that with the decreasing of the irrigation times in spring,it was decreased that the activity of alkaline phosphatase and saccharase of winter wheat in soil layer of 0-80 cm at middle and late stages,but it increased beneath the soil layer of 80 cm.It was decreased that the activity of urease of winter wheat in soil layer of 0-40 cm,but it increased in the soil layer of 40-120 cm.The order of grain yield （from high to low） was W3,W1 and W0.The final water use efficiency （WUE） of W1 treatment was the highest of all.So appropriate deficit irrigation in spring could improve the activity of soil enzyme in deep layers during growth at middle and late stages,and partially compensated that the decrease of activity of soil hydrolase leaded to nutrient short supply in shallow soil layers,which was likely important reason to realize the unity of water saving and high yield.