“社会病理学”：霍耐特视阈中的社会哲学

"Social Pathology":Social Philosophy as Seen by Axel Honneth

承认理论是霍耐特的政治哲学、道德哲学的核心。阐发批判理论的"承认理论转向"的必要性,是霍耐特创立承认理论的前提;而对社会哲学进行反思与重构,则是阐发批判理论的"承认理论转向"的必要性的前提。在考察社会哲学的传统与现状的基础上,霍耐特在现代性悖谬批判的意义上,将社会哲学界定为"社会病理学";并认为只有在这一意义上,才能说"卢梭是社会哲学的奠基人"。作为"社会病理学"的社会哲学,在19世纪,经由黑格尔、马克思到尼采才得以真正形成。20世纪社会哲学发展,从卢卡奇到阿多尔诺、从普莱斯纳到阿伦特,是历史哲学路径与人类学路径此消彼长的过程。其中,内含着人类学路径向历史哲学路径的挑战。然而,社会哲学的未来发展,并非像霍耐特所说的那样,"完全依赖于形式伦理构想"。

The theory of recognition is the core of Axel Honneth's political and moral philosophy.This theory is premised upon elucidating the necessity of critical theory's 'turn to the theory of recognition,' which in turn has as a prerequisite reflection on and reconstruction of social philosophy.After examing its tradition and current state,Honneth defines social philosophy as 'social pathology' in the sense of criticizing the paradoxes of modernity;it is only in this sense,he further argues,that Rousseau should be regarded as 'the founder of social philosophy.' As 'social pathology,' social philosophy was not genuinely established until the nineteenth century with the contributions of Hegel,Marx and Nietzsche.The development of social philosophy in the twentieth century from Lukacs to Adorno and Plessner to Arendt is in effect a process witnessing the alternate rise and fall of historical philosophy and the anthropological approach.The latter's challenge to the former is inherent in this process.However,the future development of social philosophy does not,as Honneth declared,'completely rely on the conception of formal ethics.'