代际分化视角下的东亚福利体制

The East Asian Welfare Regime Viewed from the Perspective of Intergenerational Differentiation

东亚社会福利发展的研究,是当今比较社会政策的重要领域之一,而且逐渐与欧洲传统的福利国家研究呈东、西辉映之势。为探讨东亚在迈入老龄化社会后,生产性福利体制所发生的变化,通过代际分化视角的建构,以年龄支出比率作为分析基础,发现东亚福利体制开始回应老龄人口的福利需求,日本、台湾地区和韩国已经开始进入"后生产主义福利体制"。比较而言,中国大陆在"未富先老"的背景下,也通过社会保障政策改革和发展来回应社会福利的需求与经济发展的挑战,通过经济政策和社会政策的相互融通与相互促进,开始确立更全面性的社会福利政策的发展方向。

The study of welfare development in East Asian societies is a major field in present-day comparative social policy research,one that is gradually constituting a counterweight to traditional European welfare state research.To explore changes in the productivist welfare regime in East Asia as it enters the aging society,this paper constructs an intergenerational differentiation perspective and conducts an analysis based on the Elderly/Non-elderly Spending Ratio(ENSR).We find that East Asian welfare regimes have begun to respond to the welfare demands of their aging populations,and that Japan,South Korea and China's Taiwan have adopted a 'post-productivist welfare regime.' The mainland of China,by contrast,has encountered the aging problem without being economically well prepared.It is responding to social welfare demands and the challenges of economic development by reforming and developing its social security policies,and,through the integration and mutual facilitation of economic and social policy,is aiming towards more comprehensive social welfare policies.