基于管道流模型的岩溶含水系统降雨泉流量响应规律——以贵州后寨典型小流域为例

Precipitation and Discharge Response Mechanism Based on Conduit Flow Model in Karstic Water System:Application the Houzhai Karstic Water System of Guizhou Province

为深入研究高度非均质岩溶含水系统的补给、运动机理,以贵州后寨岩溶典型小流域为例,运用管道流程序(conduit flow process),基于后寨岩溶典型小流域实际的降雨流量资料,建立降雨泉流量响应理想模型,对不同落水洞补给位置、不同渗透系数和给水度组合情况下的降雨泉流量互相关系数曲线陡缓程度和峰值特征进行研究。研究结果表明:含水介质参数的改变远没有补给位置不同对互相关系数曲线的改变程度高;在不同渗透系数和给水度组合情况下,短距离排水互相关系数峰值可接近1,而远距离排水互相关系数峰值最高仅为0.4。野外实际研究区分析也表明,短径流路径下降雨流量互相关系数峰值高达0.7,而长径流路径下降雨流量互相关系数最大为0.4。辅以必要的水文地质调查,降雨泉流量互相关曲线可用来分析管道径流路径等岩溶含水系统水动力特征。

Taken Houzhai karstic water system as an example,the precipitation and spring discharge ideal model of karstic region was developed by applying the conduit flow process（CFP） in order to characterize the recharge and transport mechanism of the kartstic system.Different sinkhole recharge positions,different conductivities and specific yields were considered to characterize the cross-correlation of precipitation and spring discharge.The results show that the change degree of the cross-correlation is higher under different recharge positions than that under different aquifer properties.The peak value of the cross correlation coefficient with the short distance discharge can reach 1 under different hydraulic conductivity and specific yield combinations.However,it can only reach 0.4 with the long distance discharge.Analysis results of the field investigation also indicate that the peak value of the cross correlation can reach 0.7 under the short distance discharge situation,while it only reaches 0.4 under long distance discharge situation.The cross correlation curves of precipitation and spring discharge can be used to study karstic hydrodynamic characteristic,such as the karstic conduit flow paths supplemented by necessary hydrogeology survey.