吉林省典型城市大气颗粒物主要排放源成分谱对比研究

Comparative Study on Atmospheric Particulate Matter Source Profiles of Typical Cities in Jilin Province

为建立吉林省典型城市大气颗粒物排放源源成分谱数据库,保障源解析结果的准确性,采用X射线荧光光谱分析技术对典型城市大气颗粒物主要排放源(道路尘、扬尘、建筑尘、土壤风沙尘、燃煤锅炉尘)的无机化学组分进行分析。结果表明:吉林市、白城市、通化市和四平市4个城市排放源成分谱组分含量虽有不同,但主量成分均为地壳组分;SiO2含量在土壤风沙尘中最高,道路尘中最低,Ca含量在建筑尘中最高。元素富集因子分析表明:人类活动对道路尘元素Pb的富集贡献较大,主要来自汽车尾气排放;扬尘元素Pb、Zn、As有较高富集,具有道路尘、燃煤锅炉尘特征;建筑尘元素Ca富集显著;土壤风沙尘受人类活动影响较小,主要为自然源贡献;燃煤锅炉尘中元素As富集因子>60,属极强扰动。

To guarantee the accuracy of results of source apportionment,the database of atmospheric particulate matter source profiles was established on the basis of inorganic chemical component analysises of major emission sources by XRF,such as from the road dust,fugitive dust,construction dust,soil dust and coal-fired boiler dust respectively of typical cities in Jilin Province.The results show that,though the concentration of elements of source profiles was different,the main elements were the main elements of the earch crust.The concentration of SiO2 was the highest in soil dust,while the smallest was in road dust.The concentration of Ca in construction dust was considerable than in the other sources.According to the enrichment factors analysis,the enrichment of Pb in road dust was highly contributed by anthropogenic sources,which was exhausted by vehicle emission.The enrichment of elements such as Pb,Zn and As in fugitive dust was higher,which indicated that fugitive dust had an obvious character of road dust and coal-fired boiler dust.Higher enriched of Ca in construction dust,and soil dust was affected mainly by natural sources.The enrichment factor（EF） values of As in coal-fired boiler dust was larger than 60,which showed it was highly influenced by human beings.