孕妇烟草暴露的现状调查

The investigation of tobacco exposure during pregnancy.

目的了解孕妇烟草与酒精的暴露现状、高危人群以及行为特征以及对妊娠结局到的影响。方法采用自愿参加的形式,对于2008年1月至2009年1月于国际和平妇幼保健院单胎分娩的1000名产妇进行面对面的问卷调查。结果孕妇的主动烟草暴露率为4.1%。年龄小于25岁或高龄孕妇吸烟率显著升高(χ2=13.803,P=0.00),随着学历的增加吸烟率显著下降(χ2=45.745,P=0.00),无固定职业或无业的孕妇吸烟率显著升高(χ2=34.307P=0.00),随着家庭收入的增加,吸烟率显著降低(χ2=17.199P=0.00)。孕妇被动烟草暴露率为31.4%。其中在工作单位被动吸烟率为18.8%在家庭被动吸烟率为20.6%,39.2%的配偶吸烟时未回避孕妇。主动吸烟孕妇酒精暴露率显著升高(χ2=44.993P=0.00)。孕妇烟草暴露增加难产风险(P=0.04),增加自然流产率(P=0.04)导致孕期体重增加过多(19.34±6.28kg)。结论孕妇主动吸烟率较低,被动吸烟率较高,高危人群为低龄或高龄、低学历、无固定工作、家庭经济状况差的妇女。孕妇酒精暴露率高于主动吸烟率主要为低度酒暴露,约一半的主动吸烟孕妇孕期有酒精暴露史。孕妇主动吸烟增加难产和自然流产风险,主动吸烟孕妇孕期体重增加过多。

Objective：To investigate current situation and sociodemographic characteristics of tobacoo exposure during pregnancy.Methods：A hospital-based retrospective analysis with perinatal database of 1000 singleton pregnancies was performed in International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital from January 2008 to January 2009.All these women attended the study voluntarily.Results：The active smoking rate of pregnant women was 4.1%.The women who were younger than 25y or older than 35y had higher rate of active smoking（χ2=13.803P=0.001）.With the increase of educational level the smoking rate decreased significantly（χ2=45.745P=0.000）.The women without regular occupation were more likely to smoke（χ2=34.307P=0.000）.The smoking rate of women with poor economic condition was higher（χ2=17.199P=0.000）.Second hand smoking exposure rate was 31.4%.The second hand smoking exposure rate in the office was 18.8%.And the household second hand smoking exposure rate is about 20.6%.Conclusion：The active smoking rate during pregnancy is low.And the passive smoking rate is high.The high-risk tobacoco esposure group are the pregnancy women who are younger than 25y or older than 35y less educated with poor family economic condition and without fixed occupation.About 39.2% of the partner were not away from the pregnant women when they were smoking.Active tobacco exposure during pregnancy increased the risk of dystocia（χ2=44.993P=0.04） and spontaneous abortion（P=0.04）.Women who active smoke during pregnancy gained more weight（19.34±6.28kg）.The baby of active smoker had more birth weight（P=0.03）.