清末新政时期中国使节制度变革述论

The Reformation on Modern Envoy System Form 1901 to 1911

使节制度是近代外交制度的重要组成部分。中国近代使节制度产生于总理衙门时期。清末新政十年间,清政府通过严格出使大臣的选用标准,统筹使馆随员的使用,实现使馆定员定岗,控制出使经费的使用,健全使馆武官制度,重申中国接受及派遣使领的合法权利,对中国近代使节制度进行了变革与完善。这一时期的变革围绕集权、高效展开,极大地推动了中国使节制度的近代化。

In ten years of late stage of Qing Dynasty,Qing government had carried out reformation at six aspects for modern envoy system： The first,limit the standard of severing as an envoy strictly and make the presidency variable;The second,authorize the Foreign Ministry to choose and arrange the embassy;The third,fix the number of the diplomatic official to the post;The forth,control the use of mission treasuries strictly;The fifth,ameliorate the embassy system of military officials;The sixth,reiterate the right to accept and send the missons.The reformation of envoy system presented two big characteristics： centralization of power and efficiency.