环境规制、要素禀赋与产业国际竞争力的实证研究——基于中国制造业的面板数据

A Case Study on the Environmental Regulation,the Factor Endowment and the International Competitiveness in Industries

环境规制严格度是否是中国工业制成品比较优势的决定因素?严格的环境规制是否影响中国污染产业的国际竞争力?对上述问题的回答有助于加快我国贸易发展方式的转变和缓解资源环境压力。环境规制政策和要素禀赋是一国比较优势的两个主要因素,而两者对专业化分工的作用是不同的。本文使用1996～2004年我国24个制造业的面板数据并通过构造综合反映我国实际情况的产业环境规制指标和产业污染密度指标,对环境规制效应、要素禀赋效应与产业国际竞争力的作用机制进行了分析。所得主要结论如下:通过对比较优势指标和污染强度的分析,得出我国污染密集型行业并不具有绝对比较优势,因而我国并不是发达国家的"污染避难所"。环境规制、物质资本和人力资本指标均对比较优势产生负面影响,且环境规制的二次项与比较优势正相关,这表明环境规制对比较优势的影响呈"U"型。

Is the degree of stringency of environmental regulations the determinants of the comparative advantage of China's industrial manufactured goods? Does this stringency impact on the international competitiveness of China's industries that pollute the environment? The answer to the above questions is conducive to quickening the transformation of China' s growth mode of trade and to relieving the pressure of environment and resources.Environmental regulations and factor endowments are the two elements of a country's comparative advantage,and their decisive impact on specialization is different.In this paper,we have used the panel data of 1996-2004 on China's 24 manufacturing industries and constructed the index of the industrial environmental regulations and the index of the intensity of industrial pollution,both of which comprehensively reflect Chin's actuality,to analyze the effect of the environmental regulations,the effect of factor endowments and the mechanism of the function of the industrial international competitiveness.The main conclusions are as follows:by the analyses of the indexes of comparative advantages and the pollution intensity,we have discovered that China' s pollution-intensive industries have no comparative advantages and that,therefore,China does not allow herself to be a'pollution haven'of developed countries.The indexes of environmental regulations,the physical capital and the human capital—all have negative effect on comparative advantages.In addition,there is a positive correlation between the quadratic term of environmental regulations and comparative advantages,which demonstrate that U-shaped is the impact of environmental regulations on comparative advantages.