媒介按蚊防控:中国疟疾消除的关键措施

Prevention and control of vector Anopheles:a key approach for malaria elimination in China

疟疾是严重危害人类健康的全球性虫媒传染病,是联合国千年发展目标中重点防控的传染病之一,与艾滋病、结核病一起被世界卫生组织列为全球急需控制的三大公共卫生问题。该文就全球特别是我国疟疾的流行形势、主要疟疾媒介按蚊种类及分布特点、疟疾消除任务提出的背景、疟疾防治的主要内容及方法进行概括,强调了媒介生物监测与控制是疟疾消除不可取代的必要工具,并对当前消除疟疾媒介按蚊控制工作存在的主要问题、挑战及今后的重点研究方向做一评述。

Malaria is a serious and fatal global vector？borne disease. It is one of the three major infectious diseases of the Millennium Development Goals （MDGs） of United Nations which urgently need to control. Malaria,HIV/AIDS,and tuberculosis are three major global public health threats and cause substantial morbidity,mortality,negative socioeconomic impact,and human suffering. This paper mainly summarized global and China＇s epidemic situation of malaria,the major malaria vector anopheles species and their distribution characteristics in China,and described the background of malaria elimination,the contents and methods of malaria control. The authors emphasized that the monitoring and control of the vector anopheles is irreplaceable and necessary tools for malaria elimination and reviewed the main problems,challenges and future research directions on vector anopheles surveillance and control for the ongoing malaria elimination in China.