入侵种对我国媒介蝇类区系的影响

Impact of invasive species on the fauna of fly vectors in China

目的说明我国媒介蝇类区系成分中外来种的入侵问题及人类活动导致的媒介蝇类入侵的重要性。方法根据掌握的我国蝇科、丽蝇科、麻蝇科的分类资料进行分析。结果我国媒介蝇类厕蝇科、蝇科、丽蝇科和麻蝇科种类中,中国-北美洲、中国-非洲、中国-澳洲、中国-欧洲-南美洲、中国-澳洲-非洲、中国-北美洲-南美洲、中国-欧洲-澳洲、中国-非洲-美洲以及世界性分布的种类有77种,约占我国已知全部种类的5.0%。中国-欧洲-北美洲分布的种类4科合计达84种,约占已知种类的5.3%。中国-欧洲、中国-亚洲-澳洲、中国-欧洲-非洲分布的种类高达233种,约占已知种类的15.0%。这些泛广布种幼虫生活习性都为粪生或腐生性,成蝇多与人类或畜类的生活环境相同。我国35种重要住区性和半住区性卫生性蝇类中,22种在世界动物地理分布上呈现出间断或世界性分布,另有4种广布于古北区、东洋区和澳洲区。结论我国媒介蝇类中很多种类是通过人类活动而从国外扩散进来,人类活动是导致媒介蝇类入侵的主要途径。

Objective To describe the invasion of exotic species into the composition of fly fauna in China and the significance of human-induced invasion of fly vectors. Methods The disaggregated data on Muscidae, Calliphoridae and Sarcophagidae in China were analyzed. Results Among all the fly vectors of Fanniidae, Muscidae, Calliphoridae and Sarcophagidae in China, 78 species were distributed in the China-North America, China-Africa, China-Australia, China-Europe-South America, China-Australia-Africa, China-North America-South America, China-Europe-Australia and China-Africa-America ecozones as well as the worldwide ecozone, accounting for about 5.0% of all known species in China. A total of 84 species of 4 families were distributed in China-Europe-North America, accounting for 5.3% of the known species. Those distributed in China-Europe, China-Asia-Australia and China-Europe-Africa amounted up to 233 species, accounting for 15.0% of all known species. The larvae of these cosmopolitan species were either coprophilous or saprophytic, and most of the adult flies lived in the same living environment as human beings or domestic animals. Of the 35 major polluting fly species living in residential or semi-residential areas settlements in China, 22 showed disjunctive or global distributions in the worldwide ecozone, and the other 4 were widely distributed in the Palaearctic, Oriental and Australia regions. Conclusion Many a species of the fly vectors in China was introduced from abroad through human activities. Human activities constituted a leading cause for the invasion of flies.