大地震后防大疫的相关措施探讨

Measures for prevention of major epidemics after large earthquakes

世界各地地震频发,大地震可以造成大量人员伤亡,死亡者尸体埋于废墟下;幸存人员瞬间失去衣、食、住等最基础的物质生活条件;水井、厨房、澡堂、厕所、垃圾箱等生活卫生设施遭到严重破坏;停水、停电、交通瘫痪、通讯中断;下水排放系统遭破坏后,污水、粪便、垃圾等形成大量传染源;灾民大批流动,露宿或临时居住防震棚;他们的正常生活规律被打乱,机体抵抗力下降。上述震后状况极有利于传染病的暴发、传播和流行。因此,为了确保大地震后无大疫,防止传染病的发生和流行,应立即启动医疗卫生应急预案,迅速开展卫生防疫工作,将地震给人类带来的灾害降到最低。

Earthquakes occur frequently around the world in recent years.Large earthquakes may cause heavy casualties,with the dead bodies buried under the ruins.In such a disaster,the survivors are deprived of clothing,food,shelter and other basic material conditions of life; hygienic facilities such as wells,kitchens,bathrooms,toilets and trash boxes are severely damaged; water and power supply are off,traffic paralyzed and communication interrupted; multiple sources of infection are formed out of sewage,feces and garbage after the water drainage system is destroyed; a surge of refugees become homeless and sleep in the open or temporary quake-proof shelters,their normal routines disordered and the body immunity declined.Such post-earthquake sequelae precipitate the outbreaks,spread and prevalence of infectious diseases.Therefore,to avoid post-disaster major epidemics and prevent the occurrence and spread of infectious diseases,medical contingency plans should be immediately initiated in conjunction with epidemic prevention mechanisms to minimize the seismic hazards.