Ⅰ型常染色体显性遗传多囊肾病基因诊断与基因突变情况的调查

The gene diagnosis and mutation survey of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney diseaseⅠ

（１）建立Ⅰ型常染色体显性遗传多囊肾病（ＡＤＰＫＤⅠ）的基因诊断方法；（２）寻找具有普遍意义的突变方式，以优化基因诊断。方法：（１）采用Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交和ＰＣＲ方法，调查ＡＤＰＫＤⅠ基因３′端单拷贝区突变情况；（２）ＰＣＲ扩增分析微卫星ＳＭ７。结果：将ＡＨ４与１６例患者的基因组ＤＮＡ进行Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交后，均显示有正常的１５ｋｂ的杂交片段。对２７例患者ＡＤＰＫＤⅠ基因３′端ＡＨ４和ＪＨ１４两探针间的５．７２ｋｂ基因组ＤＮＡ行ＰＣＲ扩增后，未发现５．５ｋｂ基因组ＤＮＡ缺失。１０９名正常人ＳＭ７ＰＣＲ扩增显示，其多态信息含量（ＰＩＣ）值为０．７６，３个家系的ＳＭ７等位片段与疾病基因连锁关系明确。结论：在汉族中：（１）ＡＤＰＫＤⅠ基因３′端单拷贝区无常见性大片段基因组ＤＮＡ缺失类突变；（２）ＳＭ７所含ＰＩＣ较高，用其可在７０％～８０％的ＡＤＰＫＤⅠ家系中作出基因诊断。

Objective: To explore gene diagnosis of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKDⅠ) and to look for the typical mutation to improve the gene diagnosis. Methods: Southern blot and PCR was used to observe the mutation condition of 3′end single copy region of ADPKDⅠ gene; Amplifing and analysing the microsatellite SM7 by PCR. Results: (1) After the probe AH4 was hybridized with 16 patients′ genomic DNA by Southern blot, the common 15 kb fragments were found in every one; (2) For 27 patients, 5.72 kb genomic DNA, which is between the probe AH4 and JH14, was amplified by PCR, and no 5. 5 kb genomic DNA deletion were found in this region; SM7 was amplified in 109 health persons, its PIC was 0.76, and was closely linked with ADPKD Ⅰ gene in 3 patients′ family. Conclusion:(1) No large genomic DNA segment deletion can be found frequently in ADPKD Ⅰ gene 3′end single copy region; (2) The PIC of SM7 is high, it can be used to make rapid gene diagnosis in about 70%￣80% ADPKD Ⅰfamily.