石家庄地区皮肤点刺试验结果与不同年龄儿童哮喘的情况分析及护理干预

Analysis of skin prick test and different age of children with asthma in this area

目的 分析石家庄地区哮喘患儿的变应原,为预防、治疗和护理哮喘患儿提供可靠的客观依据.方法 对2008年2月至2009年9月门诊就诊和住院的哮喘患儿217例,按年龄分为3组,5个月≤年龄＜3岁48例,3岁≤年龄＜5岁57例,5岁≤年龄≤14岁112例,采用北京协和医院变应原生产研制中心研制的10种吸入性、7种食物性变应原点刺液进行皮肤点刺试验.结果 哮喘患儿变应原皮肤点刺试验总阳性率高达89.4%.结论 在过敏因素中吸入性变应原是石家庄地区儿童哮喘发作的主要因素,而尘螨、室尘等又是吸入性变应原中的主要变应原;在食物过敏因素中海虾是儿童哮喘发作不能忽略的重要因素.因此指导家长避免或减少患儿与尘螨、室尘、海虾的接触,是预防、治疗和护理儿童哮喘的最基本措施.

Objective To investigate the allergens of asthmatic children of the local area, and provide a reliable objective basis for the prevention, treatment and care of children with asthma. Methods Allergen skin prick test was performed on 217 asthmatic children in our hospital out-patient clinic and hospital from February,2008 to September,2009. All children were divided into three groups by age, there were 48 cases with asthma in the five-months to three-year-old group, 57 cases with asthma in the 3 year-old group, and 112 cases with asthma in the 5 to14 year-old group. The production of allergens developed 10 kinds of inhaled,7 kinds of food allergen with Beijing Union Medical College Hospital Research Center. Results The total positive rate of allergen skin prick test of asthmatic children was up to 89.4%. Conclusions Among the allergic factors, the inhaling allergens are the main factors at wheezing episodes in the local area, and dust mites, indoor dust are the main allergens in the inhaling allergens, in the allergic factors of food, sea shrimp is the important factor that could not be ignored to the wheezing episodes. Therefore, helping parents and children to avoid or reduce dust mites, room dust and sea shrimp exposure is the most basic measures for the prevention, treatment and care of children with asthma.