上海市杨浦区1956-2008年尘肺发病情况分析

Analysis on the Prevalence of Pneumoconiosis Diagnosed 1956-2008 in Yangpu District, Shanghai

[目的]分析上海市杨浦区1956～2008年尘肺发病情况,为制定尘肺的防治对策提供依据。[方法]对全区1956-2008年诊断的所有尘肺病例的发病情况进行调查,并进行统计分析。[结果]1956-2008年全区尘肺累积病例496例。其中,男性479例,占96.57%;女性17例,占3.43%。尘肺Ⅰ期病人298例、Ⅱ期151例、Ⅲ期47例,分别占60.08%、30.44%和9.48%。累积死亡病例294例,病死率达59.27%。尘肺累积病例分类排序前5位者依次为铸工尘肺、矽肺、电焊工尘肺、石棉肺和炭黑尘肺。铸工尘肺和矽肺病例共计421例,占全部尘肺病例的84.88%。发病行业集中在钢铁铸造、建筑材料开采和加工、耐火材料制品业和玻璃制造等行业。尘肺的平均发病年龄为(51.97±9.26)岁、平均接尘工龄为(21.75±9.97)年。尘肺病例结核合并率为9.27%,其病死率高达93.48%。在尘肺病例的死因构成中,死于尘肺者居首位,占25.85%,其次为心脑血管疾病和肺癌,分别占20.41%和16.67%。[结论]上海市杨浦区尘肺病控制已取得显著成效,应加强对尘肺并发症,特别是肺部疾病的预防和医疗诊治,以提高尘肺病人的生存质量。

[ Objective] To analyze the prevalence of pneumoconiosis from 1956 to 2008 in Yangpu District, Shanghai, for providing bases promoting prevention and treatment.[ Methods] All the records of confirmed pneumoconiosis cases from 1956 to 2008 were collected, investigated and analyzed statistically.[ Results] There were 496, in total, pneumoconiosis diagnosed from 1956 to 2008 in Yangpu District, among which 479 were male, 96.57%; and 17 female, 3.43%. On classification, there are 298 stageⅠ, 151 stageⅡand 47 stageⅢ. So far, there were 294 pneumoconiosis patients died and 202 remain alive, and the fatality rate is 59.27%. According to the number of accumulated cases, foundry workers’pneumoconiosis, silicosis, welders’ pneumoconiosis, asbestosis and carbon black pneumoconiosis ranked the top 5 in number. Foundry workers’pneumoconiosis and silicosis cases were 421, which accounted for 84.88%. Most of these cases occurred in workers served in steel foundry, construction material mining and processing, refractory and glass manufacturing industries. The average age at diagnosis was（51.97±9.26）years old, and the average working age of all cases was（21.75±9.97）years old. The rate of pulmonary tuberculosis complication in average was 9.27%, and fatality rate among these cases was 93.48%. The major death causes were pneumoconiosis, cardiovascular disease and lung cancer, which accounted for 25.85%, 20.41% and 16.67%, respectively.[ Conclusion] In Yangpu District it has already achieved significant progress in prevention and control of pneumoconiosis. However, for improving the quality of life of these patients, strengthen the prevention and treatment to this disease, especially its complications should be reinforced.