血液透析过程中发生低血压的原因分析及护理对策

The causes of hypotension during hemodialysis and the related nursing strategies

目的阐述低血压的判断、先兆症状、原因及护理措施，以降低透析的风险性，提高透析的质量，延长患者生命。方法对我院血液净化中心2007年8月－2008年8月32例脱水量大、平时较容易发生低血压，长期维持血液透析的患者进行观察。结果低血压的发生以透析后3．5～4h发生率高，予调整干体重，合理使用降压药，加强透析间期健康宣教及透析过程血压的观察等措施对预防透析过程中低血压的发生有显著成效。结论血液透析低血压发生率高，早发现、早处理，及时调整透析处方是减少并发症的关键。

Objective To reduce the risk of dialysis, improve the quality of dialysis and prolong patient lifespan by exploring the causes of hypotension during hemodialysis and the related nursing strategies. Methods 32 patients undergoing chronic maintenance hemodialysis in the blood purification center during the period of August 2007 to August 2008 were observed. All of these patients were easily developed hypotension. Results The incidence of hypotension was highest at 3.5 to 4 hours after hemodialysis. Adjusting dry weight in patients, proper use of antihypertensive drugs, strengthening health education and monitoring the changes in blood pressure during dialysis reduced the occurrence of hypotension. Conclusions The incidence of hypotension is high during dialysis. Early diagnosis and treatment and proper adjustment of dialysis prescription are the key to reducing complications.