广东省蕉岭长潭省级自然保护区表层土壤特性的研究

Topsoil Physical and Chemical Properties of Differ Forest Types in Guangdong Jiaoling Changtan Provincial Natural Reserve

通过对广东省蕉岭长潭省级自然保护区针阔混交林、马尾松林、杉木林、毛竹林、阔叶混交林等5种不同森林类型土壤理化性质状况的比较,研究了不同森林类型对土壤肥力状况的影响。结果表明：（1）广东省蕉岭长潭省级自然保护区表层表土呈酸性,石砾含量、土壤容重、总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度和非毛管孔隙度分别为4.0%、1.11 g/cm3、58.01%、37.73%和20.28%;自然含水量、最大持水量、最小持水量分别为296.02,442.95,321.38 g/kg;土壤阳离子交换量为5.99-8.20 cmol（＋）/kg,电导率为57.87-97.44,全氮、碱解氮、全磷、速效磷和速效钾分别为1.88 g/kg、105.20 mg/kg、0.19 g/kg、2.22 mg/kg和130.53 mg/kg。（2）土壤孔隙度、土壤自然含水量、最小持水量、阳离子交换量、电导率、全磷、速效磷在不同林分类型间差异不显著,但土壤容重、石砾含量、最大持水量、土壤pH值、全氮、碱解氮、速效钾在不同林分类型间差异显著。马尾松林的石砾含量与针阔混交林、毛竹林、阔叶混交林有显著差异（p=0.003,p=0.009,p=0.01）,全氮与针阔混交林差异显著（p=0.025）,碱解氮与针阔混交林差异显著（p=0.028）,速效钾与阔叶混交林差异显著（p=0.012）;毛竹林pH值和杉木林、针阔混交林和阔叶混交林差异显著（p=0.026,p=0.030,p=0.035）。（3）从土壤理化性状来看,阔叶混交林、毛竹林的土壤质量和肥力要比马尾松林和杉木林好。

Impacts of different forest type on soil fertility in the subtropical forest ecosystems were studied by comparing the physical and chemical properties of soil of mixed broadleaf-conifer forest,Pinus massoniana stand,Cunninghamia lanceolata stand,Phyllostachys edulis forest,as well as broad leaved mixed forest in Guangdong Jiaoling Changtan Provincial Natural Reserve.Results indicated that：（1）The soil was acid,the content of rock fragment,soil bulk densities were 4.0%,1.11 g/cm 3,soil total porosities were 58.01%,of which the soil capillary porosities and non-capillary porosities were 37.73%,20.28%;soil moisture,maximum capillary capacity and minimum capillary capacity were 296.02,442.95,321.38 g/kg,respectively,with the cation exchange capacity,electrical conductivity were 5.99～8.20 cmol（＋）/kg,57.87～97.44 and total N were 1.88 g/kg,available nitrogen were 105.20 mg/kg,total P were 0.19 g/kg,available P was 2.22 mg/kg,available K was 130.53 mg/kg.（2）It is various in the different forest type that is soil rock fragment,soil bulk densities,maximum capillary capacity,soil pH value,total N,available nitrogen,available K but there are no difference in soil total porosities,non-capillary porosities,capillary porosities,soil moisture,minimum capillary capacity,cation exchange capacity,electrical conductivity,total P and available P,while there were significantly difference in soil bulk densities,maximum capillary capacity（p=0.021,p =0.022） between mixed broadleaf-conifer forest and broad leaved mixed forest,significantly difference in soil rock fragment between P.massoniana and mixed broadleaf-conifer forest,P.edulis,broad leaved mixed forest（p=0.003,p=0.009,p =0.01）,significantly difference in total N,available nitrogen,between mixed broadleaf-conifer forest,and P.massoniana（p=0.025,p =0.028）,significantly difference in available K between broad leaved mixed forest and P.massoniana,significantly difference in pH value between P.edulis and C.lanceolata,mixed broadleaf-conifer forest,broad leaved mixed forest.（3） Soil fertility and quality of mixed broadleaf-conifer forest,broad leaved mixed forest and P.edulis were better than that of P.massoniana and C.lanceolata,based on its soil physical and chemical properties.