重载电气化铁道钢轨电位的测试与分析

Test and Analysis of Rail Potentials of Heavy Haul Electric Railways

电气化铁道重载区段因机车功率高,牵引回流大,使得钢轨电位过高现象非常明显。钢轨电位升高对人员生命安全、沿线设备、轨道信号电路、钢轨与枕木之间的绝缘等产生一系列不良影响。本文以大秦重载铁路实时同步测试数据为依据,详细分析重载铁路钢轨电位的形成机理、分布特性及影响因素。计算钢轨电位的衰减常数及半衰长度。通过AT网络短回路模型,推导出钢轨电位数学模型。基于MATLAB/Simulink仿真工具提供的通用模块,建立重载铁路牵引供电系统仿真模型,并对钢轨电位影响因素进行仿真研究。

Because of the high power of the electric locomotive and large traction currents,the phenomenon of high rail potentials occurs obviously in heavy haul sections of electric railways.The rise of rail potentials has bad effects on life-safety of personnel,line equipment,track signalling circuits and rail-sleeper insulation.On the basis of the real-time synchronous testing data of the Datong-Qinhuangdao Heavy Haul Railway,the paper analyses in detail the formation mechanism,distribution characteristics and influencing factors of rail potentials of heavy haul railways.The decay constant and half-time length are calculated.The mathematical model of rail potentials is deduced by the AT short circuit model.The paper builds the models for simulation of the traction power supply system and rail potentials of heavy haul railways by use of the general modules provided by MATLAB/Simulink.The influencing factors of rail potentials are studied.