喀斯特石漠化区小生境特征研究——以贵州清镇王家寨小流域为例

Micro-habitat Characteristics in the Karst Desertification Area:A Case Study of the Wangjiazhai Catchment in Guizhou Province

本研究以贵州高原喀斯特石漠化小流域为对象,着重研究了该区小生境的类型、特征和组合,小生境小气候特征及植物对小生境资源的利用。结果表明:研究区小生境类型主要为石面、石沟、石缝及土面。小生境组合类型主要为石面型,石面土面型及石面石沟型,其中石面型占相当大的比例。不同小生境的严酷度从高到低依次为石面>土面>石沟>石缝。各小生境的恶劣程度均随着石漠化的进行而增加。研究区植物主要生长在石面石沟中,若以各生境中单位面积的平均株数而言,植物对小生境资源利用率从高到低依次为石缝>石沟>土面>石面。随着石漠化的进行,各小生境株密度基本上呈现出先增加后下降的格局。

On the basis of practical field exploration and measures, we studied the type, characteristics, combination and micro- climate of micro-habitats in the Wangjiazhai catchment, a typical karst desertification area in Guizhou Province. Plant resource use on micro-habitats was also studied in the paper. The results showed that the types of micro-habitats include stony surface, soil surface, stony gully and stony crevice in the study area, the combination of micro-habitats includes stony surface, stony surface-soil surface and stony surface -stony gully, stony surface . The micro-habitat severe degrees follow the order of stony surface〉 soil surface〉 stony gully 〉stony crevice and the severe degrees increase with increasing degree of karst rocky de- sertification in various micro habitats. Plants mainly grow in stony gully and stony crevice and plant resource use efficiency on various micro-habitats follows the order of stony crevice〉stony gully〉soil surface〉stony surface by the average numbers of trees in per unit area. With the process of karst rocky desertification, the community density firstly increases, and then declines in various micro-habitats.