文学,就是一种意识形态——对伊格尔顿文学本质观的一种读解

Literature Is an Ideology:An Interpretation of Eagleton’s View on Essence of Literature

在文学本质问题上,伊格尔顿不仅是一个解构者,更是一个建构者,而"意识形态"可以说是伊格尔顿讨论文学本质问题的关键词。伊格尔顿的意识形态理论具有历史性、复杂性、实践性三个突出特点。通过考察历史上人们"文学观"的演变,伊格尔顿发现种种文学观都是由某种"意识形态"所支配的,并由此得出了"文学就是一种意识形态"的结论。透过"文学是什么",伊格尔顿所关注的实际是"当前文学研究应该研究什么"这一问题。根据"促进人类解放"这一马克思主义的总体目标,伊格尔顿认为文学研究的核心任务是对资产阶级意识形态进行批判。无论是传统的文本批评还是新兴的文化研究,凡是符合这一任务要求的就应当提倡,否则就应当反对。

Terry Eagleton is not only a deconstructralist, but also a constrnctralist in the study on the essence of literature. ＂Ideology＂ is the key word in the Eagleton＇s study on the essence of literature. His theory of ideology has three outstanding features： historic, complex and practical. By inspecting the development of the idea of literature in the history,Eagleton finds that all the ideas of literature are arranged by a special kind of ideology. So he concludes：＂Literature, … is an ideology.＂ What Eagleton has concerned is ＂On what should literary study focus＂ through ＂What is literature＂. According to ＂the liberation of human being＂ as the whole target of Marxism, Eagleton thinks the core duty of literary study is to criticize the capital ideology.