两大主产区山茱萸性状变异与产区差异分析

Trait variances of Cornus officinalis fruit from Henan and Zhejiang major producing areas

通过对浙江、河南两大产区山茱萸Cornus officinalis果实性状、药用有效成分的测定,以明确山茱萸果实性状、药用有效成分的产区内变异和产区间差异。采集山茱萸主产区浙江、河南两地实生单株成熟果实,测定单株果质量、果实纵横径、鲜出皮率、含水率、可溶性固形物及药用有效成分马钱素、熊果酸、齐墩果酸质量分数。结果表明:①产区内单株间果实性状及药用有效成分存在差异,所测各指标的变异规律在不同产区表现相似;②果实性状及药用有效成分马钱素的产区间差异极显著,药用有效成分熊果酸、齐墩果酸的产区间差异不明显。研究表明:①单果质量、可溶性固形物及测定的4种主药用有效成分马钱素、熊果酸、齐墩果酸和多糖种内变异明显,可作为山茱萸选择育种的重要参考指标;②浙江产区单果质量平均值为河南产区1.68倍,极差为河南产区的2.52倍,如以产量作为选种目标,浙江产区具有更大的选择潜力。

To identify the variance within and between two major producing areas of Cornus officinalis and to lay a theoretical foundation for selection of elite varieties,traits and effective medicinal ingredients from morphologically ripe fruit ofindividual trees propagated by seeding from Henan and Zhejiang Provinces were collected.Then the following indexes were measured：fruit weight of a single tree;cross-sectional and vertical diameters of a fruit;percentage of fresh fruit flesh;moisture content;content of soluble solid substances;and the content of ursolic acid,oleanolic acid,and loganin.Data showed that：1） among individual trees in the same production area a certain difference in fruit traits and effective medicinal ingredients existed with all indexes showing a similarity within a production area.Also,2） a strong difference between production areas for fruit traits and loganin was found,but no differences for ursolic and oleanolic acids.Additionally,strong intra-specific variance in single fruit weight,soluble solid substance content,and the content of ursolic acid,oleanolic acid,and loganin were found with the average weight of a single fruit from Zhejiang being 1.68 times greater than Henan and an extreme value of 2.52 times.Thus,as an important indicator for future selective breeding,content of ursolic acid,oleanolic acid,and loganin could be considered with selective breeding for yield utilizing the Zhejiang source.